Glyphosate affects larval gut microbiota and metamorphosis of honey bees with differences between rearing procedures.

The honey bee Apis mellifera is a sentinel species of the pollinator community which is exposed to a wide variety of pesticides. In the last half-century, the pesticide most applied worldwide has been the herbicide glyphosate (GLY) used for weed control and with microbiocide effects. After its application in crops, the GLY residues have been detected in flowers visited by honey bees as well as in the stored food of their hives. Therefore, the honey bee brood can ingest the herbicide during larval development. Recent studies proved that GLY has detrimental effects on adult honey bees and other insects associated with the disturbance of their gut microbiota. GLY induces changes in the growth, metabolism and survival of honey bees and stingless bees reared in vitro. However, the effect of GLY on larval microbiota is unknown so far and there are few studies with an in-hive exposure to GLY. For these reasons, this study aims to determine whether GLY induces dysbiosis in honey bee larvae and affects their metamorphosis during the exposure period (pre-defecation) and the post-exposure period. Furthermore, we assessed this herbicide in vitro and in the hive to compare its effects on different rearing procedures. Finally, we tested the pigment BLUE1 as an indirect exposure marker to detect and estimate the in-hive intake concentration of GLY. Our results indicate that the intake of field-relevant concentrations of GLY induced a slowdown in growth with dysbiosis in the larval gut microbiota followed by late effects on their metamorphosis such as teratogenesis and mortality of newly emerged bees. Nevertheless, brood from the same colonies expressed different signs of toxicity depending on the rearing procedure and in a dose-dependent manner.

Influencia de la cultura machista en la práctica de ejercicio físico en personas adultas mayores / Influência da cultura machista na prática de exercício físico em idosos / Influence of patriarchy on the practice of physical exercise in older adults

Resumen Este estudio se realizó para tratar de comprender cuáles son los factores relacionados con la cultura machista que afectan a la práctica de ejercicio físico en personas adultas mayores. Se realizaron cuatro grupos focales en diferentes contextos socioeconómicos con un total de 39 adultos mayores residentes en España. El análisis metodológico es inductivo, emergente, delimitando los discursos de los participantes del estudio de lo específico a lo general, a través del proceso de codificación de la teoría fundamentada. Se presentaron las diferencias entre contextos en cuatro subtemas de la cultura patriarcal y su influencia según el nivel educativo, tiempo tras la jubilación, responsabilidades familiares y apoyo marital. Las mujeres adultas mayores son un grupo vulnerable ante el machismo ya que presentan mayor riesgo y complejidad para detener estas costumbres ya arraigadas, suponiendo una barrera clara a la hora de iniciar la práctica de ejercicio físico.

Resumo Este estudo foi realizado para tentar compreender os fatores relacionados à cultura machista que surgem da prática de exercício físico em idosos. Foram realizados quatro grupos focais em diferentes contextos socioeconômicos com um total de 39 idosos residentes na Espanha. A análise metodológica é indutiva, emergente, delimitando os discursos dos participantes do estudo do específico ao geral, por meio do processo de codificação da teoria fundamentada. As diferenças entre os contextos foram apresentadas em quatro subtópicos da cultura patriarcal e sua influência de acordo com a escolaridade, tempo após a aposentadoria, responsabilidades familiares e apoio conjugal. As mulheres idosas são um grupo vulnerável diante do machismo, pois apresentam maior risco e complexidade para frear esses costumes já arraigados, assumindo uma barreira clara ao iniciar a prática de exercícios físicos.

Abstract This study was carried out to try to understand what are the factors related to the macho culture that affect the practice of physical exercise in older adults. Four focus groups were carried out in different socioeconomic contexts with a total of 39 older adults residing in Spain. The methodological analysis is inductive, emergent, delimiting the discourses of the study participants from the specific to the general, through the coding process of grounded theory. The differences between contexts in four subtopics of patriarchal culture and their influence according to educational level, time after retirement, family responsibilities and marital support were presented. Older women are a vulnerable group in the face of machismo since they present greater risk and complexity to stop these already ingrained customs, assuming a clear barrier when starting the practice of physical exercise.

Feeding on soybean crops changed gut bacteria diversity of the southern green stinkbug (Nezara viridula) and reduced negative effects of some associated bacteria.

BACKGROUND: The southern green stinkbug (Nezara viridula) is a mayor pest of soybean. However, the mechanism underlying stinkbug resistance to soybean defenses is yet ignored. Although gut bacteria could play an essential role in tolerating plant defenses, most studies testing questions related to insect-plant-bacteria interactions have been performed in laboratory condition. Here we performed experiments in laboratory and field conditions with N. viridula and its gut bacteria, studying gut lipid peroxidaxion levels and cysteine activity in infected and unifected nymphs, testing the hypothesis that feeding on field-grown soybean decreases bacterial abundance in stinkbugs. RESULTS: Gut bacterial abundance and infection ratio were higher in N. viridula adults reared in laboratory than in those collected from soybean crops, suggesting that stinkbugs in field conditions may modulate gut bacterial colonization. Manipulating gut microbiota by infecting stinkbugs with Yokenella sp. showed that these bacteria abundance decreased in field conditions, and negatively affected stinkbugs performance and were more aggressive in laboratory rearing than in field conditions. Infected nymphs that fed on soybean pods had lower mortality, higher mass and shorter development period than those reared in the laboratory, and suggested that field conditions helped nymphs to recover from Yokenella sp. infection, despite of increased lipid peroxidation and decreased cysteine proteases activity in nymphs' guts. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that feeding on field-grown soybean reduced bacterial abundance and infection in guts of N. viridula and highlighted the importance to test functional activities or pathogenicity of microbes under realistic field conditions prior to establish conclusions on three trophic interactions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Characterized non-transient microbiota from stinkbug (Nezara viridula) midgut deactivates soybean chemical defenses.

The Southern green stinkbug (N. viridula) feeds on developing soybean seeds in spite of their strong defenses against herbivory, making this pest one of the most harmful to soybean crops. To test the hypothesis that midgut bacterial community allows stinkbugs to tolerate chemical defenses of soybean developing seeds, we identified and characterized midgut microbiota of stinkbugs collected from soybean crops, different secondary plant hosts or insects at diapause on Eucalyptus trees. Our study demonstrated that while more than 54% of N. viridula adults collected in the field had no detectable bacteria in the V1-V3 midgut ventricles, the guts of the rest of stinkbugs were colonized by non-transient microbiota (NTM) and transient microbiota not present in stinkbugs at diapause. While transient microbiota Bacillus sp., Micrococcus sp., Streptomyces sp., Staphylococcus sp. and others had low abundance, NTM microbiota was represented by Yokenella sp., Pantoea sp. and Enterococcus sp. isolates. We found some isolates that showed in vitro ß-glucosidase and raffinase activities plus the ability to degrade isoflavonoids and deactivate soybean protease inhibitors. Our results suggest that the stinkbugs´ NTM microbiota may impact on nutrition, detoxification and deactivation of chemical defenses, and Enterococcus sp., Yokenella sp. and Pantoea sp. strains might help stinkbugs to feed on soybean developing seeds in spite of its chemical defenses.

Valoración de la grasa corporal: ultrasonidos frente a sistemas de bioimpedancia tetrapolar y antropometría. Estudio piloto / Valoration of body fat: ultrasounds front of tetrapolar bioimpedance and anthropometrical systems. Pilot study

Objetivos: Para calcular el porcentaje de grasa corporal son numerosos los instrumentos con los que podemos contar, siendo por ello necesario conocer la fiabilidad de los nuevos instrumentos que surjan para dicho fin. El objetivo del trabajo se centra en analizar el nivel de concordancia entre distintos métodos de medida de la grasa corporal: la bioimpedancia, el método antropométrico y un ultrasonido portátil para evaluar el porcentaje graso en personas activas. Material y métodos: En este estudio, han participado 37 sujetos (edad 19,8 ± 9,5 años). Todos los participantes eran individuos activos, practicantes asiduos de actividad física (22 practicantes de natación y 15 asistentes habituales al gimnasio). La medición antropométrica se llevó a cabo siguiendo el protocolo ISAK. Para la bioimpedancia se utilizó un impedanciómetro de 8 electrodos (Inbody Biospace 720) y también se utilizó un aparato de ultrasonido portátil Bodymetrix BX2000. Los resultados fueron analizados utilizando el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) y el método Bland y Altman para establecer la concordancia entre los distintos métodos de estimación de la grasa corporal utilizados. Resultados: el CCI obtenido cuando se comparó el método antropométrico y el impedanciómetro fue de 0,95. Sin embargo, cuando se comparó al ultrasonido con el método antropométrico y la bioimpedancia, se obtuvo un ICC de 0,73 . Conclusión: Como conclusión destacar que el ultrasonido portable, a pesar de ser una alternativa barata y con ciertas ventajas respecto a otros sistemas de estimación del % de grasa, mostró valores menores de concordancia respecto al método antropométrico y la bioimpedanca

Objectives: To measure the body fat percentage, there are some instruments to assess this. For that reason it is necessary to know the reliability of the new instruments used to this aim. Method: The aim of this study was to assess the level of agreement between the anthropometrical method, the bioimpedance and a portable ultrasound system to evaluate the body fat percentage of physically active people. In the present study, 37 active subjects have participated (age 19,8± 9,5 years). All of them were regular practitioners of physical activity (22 swimmers and 15 regular gym users). Anthropometrical assessment was done according to the ISAK protocol. Bioimpedance was done with an impedanciometre of 8 electrodes (Inbody 720) and it was compared by a portable ultrasound system (Bodymetrix BX2000). To assess the level of agreement, results were analyzed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland Altman method were used. Results: the ICC between anthropometrical method versus bioimpedance was 0,95. The ICC between the ultrasound system and bioimpedance and anthropometrical method was 0,73. Conclusion: In conclusion, the portable ultrasound system, in spite of being a cheap alternative and with certain advantages on other systems to measure the body fat percentage, showed smaller values of agreement compares with the anthropometric method and the bioimpedanciometry

Measurement of the half-life of 68Ga.

The half-life of the positron-emitter (68)Ga has been measured by following the decay rate with two systems based on ionization chamber and Ge detectors. The decay rate was measured for periods of time up to 10 half-lives. The combination of the 6 results obtained with both systems gives a value of T1/2=67.845(18) min, in good agreement with recommended data and with an uncertainty lower than any other previously reported value.

Analgesia with breastfeeding in addition to skin-to-skin contact during heel prick.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the analgesic effect (measured with Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS)) of breastfeeding (BF) in addition to skin-to-skin contact (SSC) versus other methods of non-pharmacological analgesia during blood sampling through heel lance in healthy term neonates. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Tertiary level maternity ward. PATIENTS: One hundred thirty-six healthy term newborns. INCLUSION CRITERIA: healthy term neonates, wish to breastfeed and absence of feeding during the previous 60 min. INTERVENTION: Neonates were randomly assigned to four groups: Group breastfed with SSC (BF+SSC Group) (n=35); Group sucrose with SSC (Sucrose+SSC Group) (n=35); SSC Group (n=33); or Sucrose Group (n=33). Babies were recorded with a video camera. OUTCOME MEASURES: Three observers watched the videos and measured NIPS score at three time points (t0: 2 min before heel prick; t1: During heel prick; and t2: 2 min after the heel prick). The influences of non-pharmacological methods on crying time, percentage of crying while sampling, heart rate, number of attempts and duration of sampling were also studied. RESULTS: BF+SSC Group achieved a significant lower median NIPS score (value=1) compared with other groups (value=2, 4 and 4, respectively). The percentage of neonates with moderate-to-severe pain was also lower in the BF+SSC Group. Both groups BF+SSC and Sucrose+SSC achieved a significant lower percentage of crying compared with SSC Group. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that BF in addition to SSC provides superior analgesia to other kinds of non-pharmacological analgesia in healthy term neonates during heel prick.

The half-life of 18F.

The half-life of the positron-emitter (18)F has been measured by following the decay rate with three systems: ionization chambers, Ge detectors and coincidence with fast scintillators. The decay rate was measured for periods of time up to 9 half-lives. The combination of the results obtained with the three measuring systems gives a value of T(1/2)=1.82871 (18)h, in good agreement with recommended data and with an estimated uncertainty lower than any other previously reported value.

Event-related potentials and event-related oscillations during identity and facial emotional processing in schizophrenia.

Impairments in emotional recognition have been consistently reported in schizophrenic patients. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate time-sequenced responses in ERPs and event-related oscillations during emotional recognition of happiness and fear compared to facial identity recognition in schizophrenic patients (SCH) versus healthy controls (CON). Ten paranoid SCH and ten CON subjects performed three oddball paradigm tasks, evaluating face identity recognition and facial emotional recognition of happiness and fear. Event-related potentials and event-related theta and alpha oscillations were obtained for each task. N170 and P2 components appeared with higher amplitude in SCH than in CON at the occipital locations. An early prefrontally distributed P3a component was observed while doing the identity task with lower amplitude in SCH than in CON. Comparatively, P3b amplitude was lower in SCH than in CON over parietal leads in the identity and happiness tasks. Additionally, theta oscillations showed significantly lower RMS values in SCH between 250 and 500 ms post-stimuli in frontal and central regions. On the other hand, the grand-averaged alpha oscillations demonstrated higher RMS values in the occipital leads in SCH compared to CON and the opposite over the frontal regions. Results are interpreted in the framework of a functional disruption in the distributed neuronal networks involved both in facial identity and emotional recognition in schizophrenics as indexed by the brain oscillatory activity and related ERP components.

Infarto de apéndice epiploico e infarto segmentario de epiplón mayor / Epiploic appendagitis and omental infarction: diagnostic imaging findings

El infarto de apéndice epiploico y el infarto segmentario del epiplón mayor son las dos causas infrecuentes de abdomen agudo no quirúrgicos, que suelen simular otras patologías quirúrgicas, como diverticulitis, apendicitis o colecistitis. Ambos presentan similar clínica, pronóstico y tratamiento. Entre noviembre de 1998 y agosto de 2001, se diagnosticaron 10 casos de infarto de apéndice epiploico y 6 de infarto segmentario del epiplón mayor mediante US, con confirmación posterior mediante TC de 6 infartos de apéndice epiploico y los 6 infartos segmentarios del epiplón mayor. Un paciente presentó una asociación de púrpura de Schöenlein-Henoch con infarto segmentario del epiplón mayor. Todos fueron tratados en forma conservadora. El US y la TC permiten un correcto diagnóstico, evitando así cirugías innecesarias. El propósito del presente trabajo es describir las características clínicas, ecográficas y tomográficas y correlacionar éstos resultados con la bibliografía

Infarto de apéndice epiploico e infarto segmentario de epiplón mayor / Epiploic appendagitis and omental infarction: diagnostic imaging findings

El infarto de apéndice epiploico y el infarto segmentario del epiplón mayor son las dos causas infrecuentes de abdomen agudo no quirúrgicos, que suelen simular otras patologías quirúrgicas, como diverticulitis, apendicitis o colecistitis. Ambos presentan similar clínica, pronóstico y tratamiento. Entre noviembre de 1998 y agosto de 2001, se diagnosticaron 10 casos de infarto de apéndice epiploico y 6 de infarto segmentario del epiplón mayor mediante US, con confirmación posterior mediante TC de 6 infartos de apéndice epiploico y los 6 infartos segmentarios del epiplón mayor. Un paciente presentó una asociación de púrpura de Sch÷enlein-Henoch con infarto segmentario del epiplón mayor. Todos fueron tratados en forma conservadora. El US y la TC permiten un correcto diagnóstico, evitando así cirugías innecesarias. El propósito del presente trabajo es describir las características clínicas, ecográficas y tomográficas y correlacionar éstos resultados con la bibliografía (AU)